Cell-permeable calmodulin (CaM) agonist that binds to the EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site; produces CaM-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase. Also binds to cytoplasmic sites on other Ca2+ channels, including NMDA and HIV-1 gp120-activated channels, inhibiting Ca2+-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis (IC50 = 52 μM). Shown to protect pancreatic acinar cells from gossypol induced necrosis. Inhibits VLA-5-mediated adhesion of mast cells to fibronectin in vitro and attenuates inflammatory cell influx in guinea pig lung in vivo.

mainly used in synthetic pyridine-styrene-butadiene latex also used in the manufacture of silicon and Bestatin hydrochloride and other drugs.

Icariside E4 is a natural compound derived from Ulmus minor that acts via AMPK phosphorylation and inhibition of MID1IP2 hypolipidation in HepG1 cells.